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Introduction

FAMSF-2002.2a-b

This cedar-wood coffin belonging to a man named Irethoriru was once brilliantly painted, but only traces of its color remain: some blue-green stripes can still be seen behind the right ear and some white cement might have been used to set glass inlays into the central inscription. The coffin is stylistically similar to those made in the 30th dynasty and the early Ptolemaic period, so Irethoriru probably lived during this time. The coffin gives the names of his mother and father, but we know little else about him at this point, other than that he was wealthy enough to afford a coffin made from imported wood.

Acknowledgements

The coffin was gifted to the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco by Diane B. Wilsley in honor of Alfred S. Wilsley. These pages were prepared by Rita Lucarelli, Kea Johnston and Mark-Jan Nederhof, for the Book of the Dead in 3D.

Text

Name (1)

⍰

ḏd-mdw jn Wsjr

Words to be said by Osiris:

⍰

Jrt-Ḥr-r=w sꜣ Nhr-jr=sn

Irethoreru, son of Neherirsen,

⍰

ms.n nbt-pr Tꜣ-ḏj-Wsjr mꜣꜥ-ḫrw

born of the lady of the house Tadiusir, justified.

Book of the Dead (spell 72)

column 1-2

⍰

nḏ-ḥr=ṯn nbw mꜣꜥt šw jsft

Hail to you, lords of justice, free from evil,

⍰

wnnw ꜥnḫ(.w) r nḥḥ ḥntj ḏt

who will be alive for eternity, lasting forever.

⍰

wbꜣ=ṯn wj r tꜣ

May you reveal me to the land,

⍰

(t)w=j ꜣḫ.kw m jr=ṯn

for I am an akh spirit in your form,

column 2-3

⍰

sḫm.kw m ḥkꜣ=ṯn

I am powerful with your magic,

⍰

jp.kw m jpt=ṯn

and I am counted among your number.

⍰

nḥm=ṯn wj m ꜣd jmj jw n mꜣꜥtjw

May you rescue me from the agression that is on the island of the righteous.

⍰

ḏj=ṯn n=j rꜣ=j

May you give me my mouth

⍰

md=j jm=f

that I may speak with it.

column 3-4

⍰

jm ḏj.tw n=j ꜣwt-ꜥ n m-bꜣḥ=ṯn

Let gifts be given to me in your presence

⍰

ḥr ntt tw=j r{ṯ}ḫ.kw r ṯn

because I know you,

⍰

rḫ.kw rn n nṯr pf ꜥꜣ

and I know the name of that great god

⍰

ḏj=ṯn ḏfꜣ r fnḏ=f

to whose nose you give sustenance,

⍰

Tkm rn=f

whose name is Tekem.

⍰

jw=f w(bꜣ)=f ꜣḫt jꜣbtt nt pt

He opens up the eastern horizon of the sky,

column 4-5

⍰

jw=f {jw=f} wbꜣ=f r ꜣḫt jmntt nt pt

and he opens up the western horizon of the sky.

⍰

rwj=j rwj jṯ=f

My leaving is the leaving that he does,

⍰

wḏꜣt=j wḏꜣt=f ṯs-pẖr

and my preservation is his preservation, and vice versa.

⍰

n dr.tw wj ḥr msqt

I will not be driven out of the Milky Way.

⍰

n sḫm sbjw jm=j

The evildoers will have no power over me.

column 5

⍰

jw=j n šnꜥ=ṯn wj ḥr sbꜣw=ṯn

You will not bar me at your gates,

⍰

n ḫtm ꜥꜣw=(ṯ)n ḥr=j

nor seal your doors to me,

⍰

t=j m P ḥnqt=j m Dp

for my bread is in Pe, and my beer is in Dep.

⍰

j smꜣ ꜥwj m ḥwt-nṯr

O, join the arms in the temple

⍰

r jt n=j Jtm

to (my) father Atum for me.

⍰

smnḫ.n=f n=j pr m [???]

He has established a house for me in [???],

column 6-7

⍰

jt bdt jm=f n rḫ ṯnw nb

where there is barley and emmer, of an unknowable amount,

⍰

jr n=j ḥb jm=f jn sꜣ=j n ḏt=j

and where celebrations are held for me by my son of my body.

⍰

ḏj=ṯn n=j prt-ḫrw t ḥnqt kꜣw ꜣpdw

May you give to me a mortuary offering of bread, beer, oxen and fowl,

⍰

ḫt nb nfr wꜥb bnr ꜥnḫ nṯr jm

and all good, pure and sweet things on which a god lives.

⍰

wnn=j mn.kw n ḏt

I persist in eternity

column 7

⍰

m ḫprw nbw mr=j

in any form that I desire.

⍰

ḫd=j m sḫt-jꜣrw ḫnt=j m sḫt-ḥtp

I sail north to the field of rushes and I sail south to the field of offering.

⍰

[???] jpwj Rwtj

[???] this Ruti.

Name (2)

⍰

jmꜣḫ n Wsjr Jrt-Ḥr-r=w

Revered of Osiris, Irethoreru,

Pyramid Texts (368)

⍰

pšš mwt Nwt ḥr=k

(your) mother Nut spreads (herself) over you

⍰

m rn=s m ꜥpr pt

in her name of She Who Equips the Sky,

⍰

ḏj wnn=k m nṯr n ḫft r=k

who lets you be a god without enemies

⍰

(r)n=s m nṯr

(in) her name of goddess.

⍰

ṯw wr m msw=s (ḥ)tp Gbb

You are the greatest of her children, and Geb is satisfied.

⍰

mr=s ṯw

She loves you

⍰

ḫw.n=f ṯw

and he protects you.

⍰

ḏj Ḏḥwtj tm r=f

Thoth lets what is against him cease.

Unidentified

⍰

pr=k ꜥq=k rꜥ nb nḥḥ

May you go out and go in, every day forever,

⍰

ḥtp ḥr=k

while your face is content.

⍰

n rw=k ḥr ꜥꜣwj nw dwꜣt

You will not be turned away from the doors of the underworld.

⍰

ꜥq=k m kꜣr rꜥ nb

May you enter the chapel every day.

Name (3)

⍰

jmꜣḫ n Wsjr

Revered of Osiris,

⍰

Jrt-Ḥr-r=w sꜣ Nh(r-jr)=sn {f}

Irethoreru, son of Neherirsen,

⍰

ms(.n) (nbt-)pr (Tꜣ-)ḏj-Wsjr mꜣꜥ-ḫrw

born of the lady of the house Tadiusir, justified.

⍰

[???] mꜣꜥtj

[???] the Two Truths.

Vocabulary

ꜣwt-ꜥ n (f) gift

ꜣpd n bird

ꜣḫ n akh spirit

being an akh spirit

ꜣḫt n (f) horizon

ꜣd n agression

j interjection o

jꜣbtt n (f) east

jw particle

jw n island

jp v count

jpt n (f) number

jpwj pron (dual) these

jm adv there

thereof

jmꜣḫw n one who is revered

jmntt n (f) west

jn prep by

jrj v (3inf) do

celebrate

jrw n form

jsft n (f) evil

jt n barley

jt n father

jṯj v (3inf) take

ꜥ n arm

ꜥꜣ n door

ꜥꜣ adj-verb great

ꜥpr v equip

ꜥnḫ v live

ꜥq v enter

wj pron me

wꜥb adj-verb pure

wbꜣ v open

wn v (2gem) be

wr adj-verb great

wḏꜣ adj-verb uninjured

bnr adj sweet

bdt n (f) emmer

pt n (f) sky

pf pron that

prj v (3inf) go out

pr n house

prt-r-ḫrw n (f) mortuary offering

pšš v spread

fnḏ n nose

m prep in

~-bꜣḥ before

mꜣꜥt n (f) justice

mꜣꜥtj n (f dual) Two Truths

mꜣꜥtj n righteous

mꜣꜥ-ḫrw adj-verb justified

mwt n (f) mother

mn v remain

mrj v (3inf) love

msj v (3inf) beget

ms n child

msqt n (f) Milky Way

mdwj v (4inf) speak

n prep for

n neg not

n adj of

nb adj all

nb n lord

nbt-pr n (f) lady of the house

nfr adj-verb good

nḥm v remove

save

nḥḥ n eternity

nṯr n god

nḏ-ḥr v hail

r prep to

rꜣ n mouth

rꜥ n day

rwj v (3inf) leave

drive away

rn n name

rḫ v know

rḏj v (3inf) give

ḥwt-nṯr n (f) temple

ḥb n feast

ḥnqt n (f) beer

ḥntj n (f dual) period

ḥr n face

ḥr prep on

~ ntt because

ḥkꜣ n magic

ḥtp v be satisfied

ḫt n (f/m) thing

ḫwj v (3inf) protect

ḫprw n form

ḫftj n enemy

ḫntj v (4inf) sail south

ḫtm v seal

ḫdj v (3inf) sail north

sꜣ n son

sbꜣ n gate

sbj n rebel

smꜣ v join

smnḫ v (caus) establish

sḫt n (f) field

~-jꜣrw field of rushes
~-ḥtp field of offering

sḫm v be powerful

šw v lack

šnꜥ v reject

kꜣ n bull

kꜣr n chapel

t n bread

tꜣ n earth

tw particle

tm v cease

ṯw pron you

ṯn pron you (pl)

ṯnw n number

ṯs-pẖr adv vice versa

dwꜣt n (f) underworld

dr v remove

ḏt n (f) body

ḏt n (f) eternity

ḏfꜣ n sustenance

ḏd-mdw literary words to be said

Names

Jrt-Ḥr-r=w Irethoreru

Jtm Atum

Wsjr Osiris

P Pe

Nwt Nut

Nhr-jr=sn Neherirsen

Rwtj Ruti

Gbb Geb

Tꜣ-ḏj-Wsjr Tadiusir

Tkm Tekem

Dp Dep

Ḏḥwtj Thoth

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