Introduction
PAHMA 6-19912
This coffin is likely the outer of two coffins of the same
individual, Iwefaa, the inner coffin being PAHMA 6-19928.
This outer coffin has two lines of
inscription running vertically down the lid
from below the collar to the toes.
These read in a retrograde fashion, with the first column
on the mummy’s right and the second on the mummy’s left;
the animal figures are facing to the mummy’s left.
Acknowledgements
The coffin belongs to the
Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology.
These pages were prepared by Rita Lucarelli,
Kea Johnston and Mark-Jan Nederhof, for the
Book of the Dead in 3D.
Context
Both coffins of Iwefaa were purchased on the antiquities market by George Reisner for
Phoebe A. Hearst.
Provenance
Stylistically the coffins are very similar to a set of
coffins known to have come from the site of Akhmim, which was excavated in the
1880s by Gaston Maspero, and which was heavily looted for the antiquities
market during that same decade.
Period
There are strong parallels with a group of other coffins from Akhmim, including
the cartonnage of Peniu in the Roemer-Pelizaeus Museum in Hildesheim, and the
coffin of Nespaqashuty in Detmold, Germany.
All of these coffins can be dated to the 25th and 26th dynasties.
Iwefaa
The inscriptions on Iwefaa's coffins do not give him any titles.
The Hearst Museum is also in
possession of remains of a bead-net from his mummy, and the mummy itself.
We can tell from examining his mummy that he was probably between 40 and 60 years
old and had a very slight build.
His name
The phrase Jw=f-ꜥꜣ, inserted
into the middle of the spell in the second line,
is taken to be the name of the deceased.
The spelling
with the bookroll determinative is odd, but is paralleled by the
spelling of the same name
in the offering formula on both sides of the proposed
inner coffin of this individual.
Cf.
, jw=f-ꜥꜣ=f,
"rising man" (GEG p. 145).
Vignette
The pectoral vignette between the text and the collar shows the deceased
standing before a squatting baboon. The hieroglyph
for "sky" is above their heads, and the side borders are formed by
and
, the hieroglyphs for
"west" and "pyramid".
Text
The inscription is derived from
a combination of Book of the Dead spells 51 and 52.
Line 1
ḏd mdw jn Wsjr mn
Saying by the Osiris so-and-so:
bwt=j sp(-sn)
My abomination! My abomination!
n wnm=j n ḫ(n)d.n=j ḥr=f
I have not eaten it and I have not stepped on it.
bwt=j pw ḥs
My abomination is feces.
Line 2
n wnm=j sw ḥtp-kꜣ
I have not eaten it, namely excrement.
n ḫr Wsjr mn
The Osiris so-and-so did not fall.
j ḥnwt nht Jw=f-ꜥꜣ (Ḥwt-)Ḥr t
Oh, Mistress of the Sycamore, Iwefaa, Hathor; bread (?)
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